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Araucaria heterophylla

Paina

Norfolk Pine

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General Information

COMMON NAMES: Norfolk Pine, Norfolk Island Pine, House Pine, Australian Pine, Star Pine; German Norfolk-Tanne

TRADITIONAL NAMES: Paina (RR)

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION: NATIVE Norfolk Island; EXOTIC EXOTIC pantropical and subtropical

COOK ISLANDS STATUS: Introduced - Recent (c.1990), Not naturalised; S.Group only (RR - rare); N.Group - absent; Land, lowlands, gardens

SIGNIFICANCE LIST: Ornamental leaves

KEY FEATURES: A pyramid-like tree to 60m. BRANCHES in whorls of 4-7, horizontal. BRANCHLETS comb-like. LEAVES narrow, incurved, to 1cm; oval, overlapping. CONES on branchlet tips, width similar to branchlets, 6cm long; erect on upper branches, ovoid, 10x12cm(LxØ), scales with straight spines (1cm).

SIMILAR SPECIES: See under New Caledonia Pine (Araucaria columnaris).

Enlarged Image of 'Araucaria heterophylla'

Cook Islands Distribution

View Distribution Map

Southern Group: Present Makatea: -
RR	MG	AT	MK	MT	AK	PL	TK	MN
+	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Northern Group: -
TN	MH	RK	PK	NS	SW
-	-	-	-	-	-

Key to Symbols

blank	no data
-	absent	L	localised
X	extinct 'naturally'	W	widespread
XQi	quarantine intercepted	R	recent
XQe	eradicated	?	query preceding category
P	present	T?	taxonomic query
S	seasonal	nn	present, said to have no name
O	occasional	?1	present, name not investigated
++++	very common	?2	presence not verified, no name recorded
+++	common	N/A	absent, name not expected
++	uncommon
+	rare
Cook Islands islands: RR =Rarotonga, MG = Mangaia, AT =‘Ātiu, MK=Ma‘uke, MT=Miti‘āro, AK=Aitutaki, PL=Palmerston, PN=Penrhyn, MN=Manuae, TK=Takūtea, TN=Tongareva (TS=Tongaleva Spoken, TW=Tongareva Written, they say "el" but write "r"), MH=Manihiki, RK=Rakahanga, PK=Pukapuka, NS=Nassau, SW=Suwarrow. After a Polynesian name: ^=orthography query. Countries and other: FIJ=Fiji, WT=Wallis & Futuna, SAM=Samoa, TON=Tonga, NIU=Niue, CK=Cook Islands, CKM=Cook Islands Māori, FP=French Polynesia, AUS=Australs, SOC=Societies, TAH=Tahiti, TUA=Tuamotus, MQS=Marquesas, MNG=Mangareva, PIT=Pitcain group, EAS=Easter Island, HAW=Hawai‘i, NZ=New Zealand, NZM=New Zealand Māori

Scientific Taxonomy

Araucaria heterophylla (Salisbury)
SYNONYMS: Araucaria excelsa

TAXONOMY: PLANTAE; CONIFEROPHYTA; ARAUCARIACEAE

More Information

SIGNIFICANCE NOTES -
POSITIVE SIGNIFICANCE: Ornamental leaves. Comments: Ornamental.

Vouchers & References

Vouchers:
Rarotonga: fieldview, immature only, recently imported, 1999, Fritha Stalker, ?ID as Araucaria heterophylla - check mature trees in future.

References:
p.39 Neal - In Gardens of Hawaii
p.98 Hortus 3rd
p.86 Royal Hort. Soc. Index of Garden Plants
p.335 Tropica

Data Update History (information):
zTX, zB02, zM02, zupM05a, zD02, zupD03b

Web Resources

Citation Information

McCormack, Gerald (2007) Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2. Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotonga. Online at http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org.
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