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Pseudoceratina verrucosa

Butter Pad Sponge

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General Information

COMMON NAMES: Butter Pad Sponge

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION: NATIVE Philippines - PNG - Micronesia, Cooks

COOK ISLANDS STATUS: Native; S.Group - present; N.Group ?; Marine, near-shore, benthic, attached

KEY FEATURES: Thickly encrusting with a distinct webbed pattern on surface, oscules surrounded by a fine raised membrane; texture rubbery; colour in life butter yellow, upon collection or exposure to air, royal purple as pigments oxidise.

Enlarged Image of 'Pseudoceratina verrucosa'

Cook Islands Distribution

View Distribution Map

Southern Group: Present Makatea:
RR	MG	AT	MK	MT	AK	PL	TK	MN
P

Northern Group:
TN	MH	RK	PK	NS	SW

Key to Symbols

blank	no data
-	absent	L	localised
X	extinct 'naturally'	W	widespread
XQi	quarantine intercepted	R	recent
XQe	eradicated	?	query preceding category
P	present	T?	taxonomic query
S	seasonal	nn	present, said to have no name
O	occasional	?1	present, name not investigated
++++	very common	?2	presence not verified, no name recorded
+++	common	N/A	absent, name not expected
++	uncommon
+	rare
Cook Islands islands: RR =Rarotonga, MG = Mangaia, AT =‘Ātiu, MK=Ma‘uke, MT=Miti‘āro, AK=Aitutaki, PL=Palmerston, PN=Penrhyn, MN=Manuae, TK=Takūtea, TN=Tongareva (TS=Tongaleva Spoken, TW=Tongareva Written, they say "el" but write "r"), MH=Manihiki, RK=Rakahanga, PK=Pukapuka, NS=Nassau, SW=Suwarrow. After a Polynesian name: ^=orthography query. Countries and other: FIJ=Fiji, WT=Wallis & Futuna, SAM=Samoa, TON=Tonga, NIU=Niue, CK=Cook Islands, CKM=Cook Islands Māori, FP=French Polynesia, AUS=Australs, SOC=Societies, TAH=Tahiti, TUA=Tuamotus, MQS=Marquesas, MNG=Mangareva, PIT=Pitcain group, EAS=Easter Island, HAW=Hawai‘i, NZ=New Zealand, NZM=New Zealand Māori

Scientific Taxonomy

Pseudoceratina verrucosa Bergquist, 1995
TAXONOMY: ANIMALIA; PORIFERA (=Parazoa); DEMOSPONGIA; Verongida; PSEUDOCERATINIDAE

Vouchers & References

Vouchers:
Rarotonga: one specimen+photos, NIWAKD 4765 (Raro32), 2005/12, Avaavaroa Passage, 9m, under rock ledge, Oli Floerl and Matt Smith with ID by Michelle Kelly 2006/11 as Pseudoceratina verrucosa.

References:
None recorded.

Data Update History (information):
zB06b

Web Resources

Citation Information

McCormack, Gerald (2007) Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2. Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotonga. Online at http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org.
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