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Euphorbia lactea

Dragon-bones

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Image:	Plant and spine-leaf detail	55KB

General Information

COMMON NAMES: Dragon-bones, Candelabra Cactus, Mottled Candlestick-tree, False Cactus, Hat-rack Cactus, Mottled Shrub, Elkhorn, Frilled Fan

GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION: NATIVE India - ?Indonesia; EXOTIC EXOTIC circumtropical

COOK ISLANDS STATUS: Introduced - Recent, Not naturalised; Land, lowlands

SIGNIFICANCE LIST: Ornamental stems; Injurous spines - moderate

KEY FEATURES: Succulent, spiny shrub, to 5m, with spreading, upward-curving branches. BRANCHES upward-curving, succulent, to 5cmØ, 3-4-angled, green with irregular white median stripe. SPINES on ridges, brown, paired, to 5mm. LEAVES inconspicuous, ~round, soon lost.

SIMILAR SPECIES: See under African Milk Bush (Euphorbia trogona)

Cook Islands Distribution

View Distribution Map

Southern Group: Present Makatea:
RR	MG	AT	MK	MT	AK	PL	TK	MN
++	-	-	+					-

Northern Group:
TN	MH	RK	PK	NS	SW
-			-

Key to Symbols

blank	no data
-	absent	L	localised
X	extinct 'naturally'	W	widespread
XQi	quarantine intercepted	R	recent
XQe	eradicated	?	query preceding category
P	present	T?	taxonomic query
S	seasonal	nn	present, said to have no name
O	occasional	?1	present, name not investigated
++++	very common	?2	presence not verified, no name recorded
+++	common	N/A	absent, name not expected
++	uncommon
+	rare
Cook Islands islands: RR =Rarotonga, MG = Mangaia, AT =‘Ātiu, MK=Ma‘uke, MT=Miti‘āro, AK=Aitutaki, PL=Palmerston, PN=Penrhyn, MN=Manuae, TK=Takūtea, TN=Tongareva (TS=Tongaleva Spoken, TW=Tongareva Written, they say "el" but write "r"), MH=Manihiki, RK=Rakahanga, PK=Pukapuka, NS=Nassau, SW=Suwarrow. After a Polynesian name: ^=orthography query. Countries and other: FIJ=Fiji, WT=Wallis & Futuna, SAM=Samoa, TON=Tonga, NIU=Niue, CK=Cook Islands, CKM=Cook Islands Māori, FP=French Polynesia, AUS=Australs, SOC=Societies, TAH=Tahiti, TUA=Tuamotus, MQS=Marquesas, MNG=Mangareva, PIT=Pitcain group, EAS=Easter Island, HAW=Hawai‘i, NZ=New Zealand, NZM=New Zealand Māori

Scientific Taxonomy

Euphorbia lactea Haw.
SYNONYMS: Euphorbia lactea 'Havanaensis'; Euphorbia havanensis [sensu]

TAXONOMY: PLANTAE; ANTHOPHYTA (=Angiospermae); MAGNOLIOPSIDA (=Dicotyledones); ROSIDAE; Euphorbiales; EUPHORBIACEAE

Vouchers & References

Vouchers:
Rarotonga: fieldspecimen+photo, 2005, in Black Roack garden, G.McCormack with ID as Euphorbia lactea.

References:
p.518 Neal - In Gardens of Hawaii
p.463 Hortus 3rd
p.456 Royal Hort. Soc. Index of Garden Plants
p.422 Tropica

Data Update History (information):
zTX, zB02, zM05b, zD02

Web Resources

Citation Information

McCormack, Gerald (2007) Cook Islands Biodiversity Database, Version 2007.2. Cook Islands Natural Heritage Trust, Rarotonga. Online at http://cookislands.bishopmuseum.org.
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